Professional Land Surveyor Questions and Answers - Idaho Board of Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors

Professional Land Surveyor - Questions & Answers

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Condominium Questions

Gerald W. "Gary" Briant, P.L.S. #L-10699 "My interpretation of diagrammatic floor plans . . . is that the plat simply needs to show a width, length and height of the interior perimeter walls of each unit. . . I'm just looking for a way to calculate what the air space would be that [the] public is buying. . . In other words, the building itself is the monument"
Gerald W. "Gary" Briant, P.L.S. #L-10699 asked the Board for an interpretation of the requirement in Idaho Code Section 55-1504 which requires "showing elevations where multi-level or multi-story structures are diagrammed." Briant said "My interpretation of "showing elevations" is to show by either a section view with dimensions showing the height from finish floor to finish ceiling and if multi-story showing a relationship to each story finish floor from the first floor finished elevation. This could be done also with elevations of each finished floor and ceiling elevation or elevations if ceiling heights vary. Where the confusion comes in is there are some that feel that this section is referring to actual elevations from a known datum like NGVD 29 or NAVD 88 for each of these. I feel it is just dimensions to be able to calculate volume of space that the person is buying and that a known datum is unnecessary."
As a Professional Land Surveyor, what do I have to do on a Condominium project at a minimum?

General Work Issues

How does the Board interpret Responsible Charge?
Is it necessary to retain a PLS to conduct a field search for monuments prior to the preparation of construction documents or plans by an engineer?
Are Surveyors required to be selected under QBS? (or can Surveyors bid their work?)
If XYZ Survey Co has a job with John Doe to perform boundary work, can I offer John Doe a better deal and try to get that work?
What if I find a discrepancy in another Surveyor's work?
When performing a right-of-way acquisition survey for the Idaho Transportation Department which requires the subdivision of a section, is it necessary to monument a lost Public Land Survey Corner, the position of which is calculated and used in the survey?
John L. Dunn #L-10162 asked the Board: I frequently have requests from property owners to locate the corners of their property. When I fail to find the monument marking the corner, I will replace the missing monument. Assuming I am not the surveyor who platted the subdivision, this will result in a monument with a different cap than that noted on the recorded plat. Does this constitute a change in the public record that will require a record of survey map to properly document it?
Paving contractors are putting an overlay on the street and covering up survey monuments. Aren't they defacing or disturbing them and don't they have to replace them?
A question of whether the word "any" in that statute required that the instrument numbers of ALL previous corner records be included, or only the instrument number of the MOST RECENT corner record be included was posed to the Board.

Seals

I've been asked as a Professional Land Surveyor to supply my work product electronically - how do I seal it?
George Yerion, P.L.S., #L-9858 wrote the Board and asked "Some surveyors prepare the Preliminary Road Plans showing horizontal and vertical alignments. Is that allowed according to the current definitions of surveying & engineering?"
George Yerion, P.L.S., #L-9858 wrote the Board and asked "Preliminary Plats are sometimes submitted by engineers and sometimes by surveyors. I don't recall that either the Preliminary Road Plans or the Preliminary Plats are ever sealed. The Planning and Zoning Commission uses those drawings to make policy decision[s] (i.e. subdivision and road approval). Should these preliminary drawings be sealed?"
Do I need to seal a legal description I prepare for a Client as a Professional Land Surveyor?

Records of Survey (ROS)

When a surveyor does "preliminary work" but does not place monuments in the field, is he or she required to file a Record of Survey?
John M. "Jack" Clark, P.L.S. #L-4732 asked "When the "preliminary work" is eventually used as the basis for the preparation of a legal description, is it necessary to file a record of survey?
Do I need to record a Record of Survey when I stake a drain field easement?

Continuing Professional Development Questions (for Land Surveying)

I am taking the Certified Federal Surveyor program. Does it count for PDHs and, if so, how many?
I'm required to take CFeds Continuing Education for maintenance of my CFeds status - does it count toward my Idaho requirement? How much?

Qualifications for Licensure by Comity

I have regarding the qualifications for taking the 2 hour State Specific LS exam in Idaho. I am currently a Licensed Surveyor in the states of Washington and Montana. I have over 11 years experience in surveying. I do not have a college degree, or any college credits. Is a college education a required qualification to take the exam?

Condominium Questions

Gerald W. "Gary" Briant, P.L.S. #L-10699 "My interpretation of diagrammatic floor plans . . . is that the plat simply needs to show a width, length and height of the interior perimeter walls of each unit. . . I'm just looking for a way to calculate what the air space would be that [the] public is buying. . . In other words, the building itself is the monument"

This was addressed in the Boards November 2007 Bulletin, page 5, where this appeared:
Idaho Code Section 55-1504 (ii) requires "diagrammatic floor plans of the building or buildings built or to be built thereon in sufficient detail to identify each unit, its relative location and approximate dimensions, showing elevations where multi-level or multistory structures are diagrammed." Idaho Code Section 55-1509(a) states, in pertinent part, "In interpreting the declaration, plat or plats, and deeds, the existing physical boundaries of the unit as originally constructed or as reconstructed in lieu thereof shall be conclusively presumed to be its boundaries rather than the metes and bounds expressed or depicted in the declaration, plat or plats, or deed, regardless of settling lateral movement of the building and regardless of minor variance between boundaries shown in the declaration, plat or plats, or deed and the actual boundaries of units in the building." Briant comments "My interpretation of diagrammatic floor plans . . . is that the plat simply needs to show a width, length and height of the interior perimeter walls of each unit. . . I'm just looking for a way to calculate what the air space would be that [the] public is buying. . . In other words the building itself is the monument" The Board agreed and told Briant that the relative location and approximate dimensions of interior perimeter walls of each condominium unit are sufficient.(top)

Gerald W. "Gary" Briant, P.L.S. #L-10699 asked the Board for an interpretation of the requirement in Idaho Code Section 55-1504 which requires "showing elevations where multi-level or multi-story structures are diagrammed." Briant said "My interpretation of "showing elevations" is to show by either a section view with dimensions showing the height from finish floor to finish ceiling and if multi-story showing a relationship to each story finish floor from the first floor finished elevation. This could be done also with elevations of each finished floor and ceiling elevation or elevations if ceiling heights vary. Where the confusion comes in is there are some that feel that this section is referring to actual elevations from a known datum like NGVD 29 or NAVD 88 for each of these. I feel it is just dimensions to be able to calculate volume of space that the person is buying and that a known datum is unnecessary."

This was addressed in the Boards November 2007 Bulletin, page 5, where this appeared:
Again, the Board agreed with Briant and told him that the elevations can be relative and need not be tied to a standard datum.(top)

As a Professional Land Surveyor, what do I have to do on a Condominium project at a minimum?

This was addressed in the Boards June 2008 Bulletin, page 3, where this appeared:
BOARD EXPRESSES OPINION ON INVOLVEMENT OF SURVEYORS IN CONDOMINIUMS
The Board reviewed an inquiry from Larry J. Hodge, P.E./L.S. in which he asked the Board "I'm wondering if you could enlighten me on how you think the surveying world, including the Board, has come to the conclusion that condo plats must be done by a PLS." The Board responded that it relies upon Idaho Code Section 55-1527 which states
"55-1527. ZONING LAWS APPLIED WHERE NOT INCONSISTENT. Except where inconsistent with the provisions or purposes of this act, state and local laws relating to plats, recording, subdivisions or zoning shall apply to condominiums and to projects as herein defined."
The Board also relied on Idaho Code Section 50-1309, which states, in pertinent part, "The professional land surveyor making the survey shall certify the correctness of said plat and he shall place his seal, signature and date on the plat."(top)

General Work Issues

How does the Board interpret Responsible Charge?

See the Boards April 2006 Bulletin, page 2. This article is about a page and a half long (too long re-copy here) and summarizes the Board's position on Responsible Charge.(top)

Is it necessary to retain a PLS to conduct a field search for monuments prior to the preparation of construction documents or plans by an engineer?

The answer is yes. The requirements are in Chapter 55-1613. These requirements have existed in some form since 1978 and have been amended several times with the current version as it was revised in 2011. (top)

Are Surveyors required to be selected under QBS? (or can Surveyors bid their work?)

This was addressed in the Boards November 2007 Bulletin, page 5, where this appeared (as amended by the May 8, 2009 Rules):
QUALIFICATION BASED SELECTION
Idaho Code Section 67-2320 requires that all state agencies and political subdivisions of the state retain the services of engineers, land surveyors and several other professionals on the basis of qualifications followed by a negotiation of a scope of services and fee. This process is often call "Qualification Based Selection", or "QBS." Private sector consumers of professional services are not required to follow these guidelines. The Board's Rules of Professional Responsibility state that "A Licensee or Certificate Holder should seek professional employment or professional service work on the basis of qualifications and competence for proper accomplishment of the work assignment. On selections for professional engineering and land surveying services that are required pursuant to Idaho Code Section 67-2320, a licensee or certificate holder, in response to solicitations described in Idaho Code Section 67-2320(2)(a) shall not submit information that constitutes a bid for services requested." If a state agency or political subdivision of the state solicits proposals for engineering or land surveying work in a manner that is not in compliance with Idaho Code Section 67-2320, engineers or land surveyors should contact the QBS Facilitator's Council at (208) 321-1736 and they will contact the entity to educate them about the statute and QBS process.(top)

If XYZ Survey Co has a job with John Doe to perform boundary work, can I offer John Doe a better deal and try to get that work?

This was addressed in the Boards November 2007 Bulletin, page 6, where this appeared:
SEEKING OR ACCEPTING WORK WHICH IS UNDER CONTRACT TO ANOTHER
One of the most commonly asked questions about the Board's Rules of Professional Responsibility relates to Rule IDAPA 10.01.02.009.03, "Assignment On Which Others Are Employed." A review of that Rule and its application seems in order to clarify its intent and application. Rule 009.03 states "A Registrant or Certificate Holder shall not knowingly seek or accept employment for professional services for an assignment which another Registrant or Certificate Holder is employed, or contracted to perform without the currently employed or contracted entity being informed in writing." Simply stated, the Rule says that you cannot pursue or accept work that another professional has a contract to perform unless you inform that other professional in writing. The issue of whether or not the currently contracted professional has been paid for their work is not within the jurisdiction of the Board to address. (top)

What if I find a discrepancy in another Surveyor's work?

Another question that is frequently addressed by the Board and staff deals with the discovery of a problem in the work of another professional. IDAPA 10.01.02.005.04 states "Obligation To Communicate Discovery of Discrepancy. The rule, as revised in 2012, is as follows:
"Except as provided in the Idaho Rules of Civil Procedure 26(b)(4)(B), if a Licensee or Certificate Holder, during the course of his work, discovers a material discrepancy, error, or omission in the work of another Licensee or Certificate Holder, which may impact the health, property and welfare of the public, the discoverer shall make a reasonable effort to inform the Licensee or Certificate Holder whose work is believed to contain the discrepancy, error or omission. Such communication shall reference specific codes, standards or physical laws which are believed to be violated and identification of documents which are believed to contain the discrepancies. The Licensee or Certificate Holder whose work is believed to contain the discrepancy shall respond within twenty (20) calendar days to any question about his work raised by another Licensee or Certificate Holder. In the event a response is not received within twenty (20) days, the discoverer shall notify the License or Certificate Holder in writing, who shall have another twenty (20) days to respond. Failure to respond (with supportable evidence) on the part of the Licensee or Certificate Holder whose work is believed to contain the discrepancy shall be considered a violation of these rules and may subject the Licensee or Certificate Holder to disciplinary action by the Board. The discoverer may notify the Board in the event a response that does not answer the concerns of the discoverer is not obtained within the second twenty (20) days. (3-29-12)" (top)

When performing a right-of-way acquisition survey for the Idaho Transportation Department which requires the subdivision of a section, is it necessary to monument a lost Public Land Survey Corner, the position of which is calculated and used in the survey?

The Board concluded that monumentation of the corner in question would be required. The Board cited the following sections of Idaho Code in coming that that conclusion. Emphasis is added, where appropriate, to the citation.
55 1604. Filing requirements. A professional land surveyor shall complete, sign, and file with the county clerk and recorder of the county where the corner is situated, a written record of the establishment or restoration of a corner. This record shall be known as a "corner record" and such a filing shall be made for every public land survey corner and accessory to such corner which is established, reestablished, monumented, remonumented, restored, rehabilitated, perpetuated or used as control in any survey. The survey information shall be filed within ninety (90) days after the survey is completed, unless the corner and its accessories are substantially as described in an existing corner record filed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
In lieu of filing as heretofore provided, corner records may be recorded by photographic process in those counties which have such facilities.
55 1608. Professional land surveyor to reconstruct monuments. In every case where a corner record of a survey corner is required to be filed or recorded under the provisions of this chapter, the professional land surveyor must reconstruct or rehabilitate the monument of such corner, and accessories to such corner.
Any monument set shall conform to the provisions of section 54 1227, Idaho Code. If the monument is set by a public officer, it shall be marked by an appropriate official designation.(top)

John L. Dunn #L-10162 asked the Board: I frequently have requests from property owners to locate the corners of their property. When I fail to find the monument marking the corner, I will replace the missing monument. Assuming I am not the surveyor who platted the subdivision, this will result in a monument with a different cap than that noted on the recorded plat. Does this constitute a change in the public record that will require a record of survey map to properly document it?

The Board concluded that ROS not required for mere replacement of lot corner unless any of the "triggers" in ROS law (IC 55-1904) exist. The Board does not consider the replacement of a lot pin by a surveyor who did not set the original monument a "material discrepancy" under IC 55-1904(1).

A question of whether the word "any" in that statute required that the instrument numbers of ALL previous corner records be included, or only the instrument number of the MOST RECENT corner record be included was posed to the Board.

The Board discussed how successively filed corner records can show the history of a corner and the monuments occupying the position of the corner and how the most recent corner record alone may not tell the whole story. On advice of counsel, the Board expressed an opinion that "any" in the statute means the same as "all"; hence the instrument number of all previous corner records must be shown on records of survey. Licensees and stakeholders are invited to submit information on why all previous corner records should not be listed or why an amendment to the statute should be considered. See http://www.ipels.idaho.gov/newsletters/NEWS51.pdf for more details.

Seals

I've been asked as a Professional Land Surveyor to supply my work product electronically - how do I seal it?

This was addressed in the Boards June 2008 Bulletin, page 3, where this appeared:
BOARD EXPRESSES OPINION ON ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS SUBMITTED FOR GIS
The Board reviewed an inquiry from John Root, P.L.S. in which he asked the Board questions and expressed concerns about Twin Falls County requesting an electronic copy of plats and Records of Survey for inclusion in the County Assessor's GIS system. His concern was over the requirement that final documents be sealed, signed and dated. The Board responded by quoting Idaho Code Section 54-1202(14) which defines "signature" as
"(14) Signature. The term "signature" shall mean either: an original handwritten message identification containing the name of the person who applied it; or a digital signature which is an electronic authentication process attached to or logically associated with an electronic document. The digital signature must be unique to the person using it; must be capable of verification; must be under the sole control of the person using it; and must be linked to a document in such a manner that the digital signature is invalidated if any data in the document is changed."
The Board said that one way to protect the work product would be to apply a digital signature, as defined above, to the document. That way, if it is altered, the digital signature would be invalidated. Digital signatures are available from commercial vendors.
Further, Idaho Code Section 54-1215(3)I states
"The seal, signature and date shall be placed on all original documents in such a manner that such seal, signature and date are reproduced when the original document is copied. The application of the registrant's seal, signature and date shall constitute certification that the work thereon was done by him or under his responsible charge. Each plan or drawing sheet shall be sealed and signed by the registrant or registrants responsible for each sheet. In the case of a business entity, each plan or drawing sheet shall be sealed and signed by the registrant or registrants involved. Copies of electronically produced documents, listed in paragraph (b) of this subsection, distributed for informational uses such as for bidding purposes or working copies, may be issued with the registrant's seal and a notice that the original document is on file with the registrant's signature and date. The words "Original Signed By:" and "Date Original Signed:" shall be placed adjacent to or across the seal on the electronic original. The storage location of the original document shall also be provided. Only the title page of reports, specifications and like documents need bear the seal, signature and date of the registrant." (Emphasis added)
By following the steps shown bold and underlined above you will meet the requirement of having sealed and signed and dated a hard copy. If the document is altered, you have the opportunity to compare it to the original hard copy.
Finally, you could ask for a written request from the public official who desires an electronic copy, then place a statement of intent on the document as to its intended use; for example, "For GIS Purposes Only" and "Not Intended to be a Final Work Product." (top)

George Yerion, P.L.S., #L-9858 wrote the Board and asked "Some surveyors prepare the Preliminary Road Plans showing horizontal and vertical alignments. Is that allowed according to the current definitions of surveying & engineering?"

This was addressed in the Boards June 2008 Bulletin, page 4, where this appeared:
BOARD EXPRESSES OPINION ON STAMPING OF PRELIMINARY ROAD PLANS AND PRELIMINARY PLATS
The current definition of land surveying relates only to boundaries, which would include the horizontal alignment, but not the vertical, which would fall in the realm of the licensed professional engineer. If prepared by an engineer or surveyor, preliminary road plans which include only horizontal alignment must be sealed and signed by either the surveyor or engineer, but if they contain both horizontal and vertical alignment they must be sealed, signed and dated by the engineer or both the surveyor and engineer.(top)

George Yerion, P.L.S., #L-9858 wrote the Board and asked "Preliminary Plats are sometimes submitted by engineers and sometimes by surveyors. I don't recall that either the Preliminary Road Plans or the Preliminary Plats are ever sealed. The Planning and Zoning Commission uses those drawings to make policy decision[s] (i.e. subdivision and road approval). Should these preliminary drawings be sealed?"

This was addressed in the Boards June 2008 Bulletin, page 4, where this appeared:
BOARD EXPRESSES OPINION ON STAMPING OF PRELIMINARY ROAD PLANS AND PRELIMINARY PLATS
Under Idaho Code Section 54-1215(3)(b), effective July 1, 2007, if prepared by a professional engineer or a professional land surveyor, Preliminary Plats and Preliminary Road Plans that are "intended to be relied upon to make policy decisions important to the life, health, property or fiscal interest of the public" must be sealed, signed and dated. (top)

Do I need to seal a legal description I prepare for a Client as a Professional Land Surveyor?

This was addressed in the Boards June 2008 Bulletin, page 5-7, and is too long to reproduce here. Just click on the link and scroll to page 5. (top)

Records of Survey (ROS)

When a surveyor does "preliminary work" but does not place monuments in the field, is he or she required to file a Record of Survey?

The answer comes from three (3) sections of Idaho Code: 55-1902(5), 55-1904 and 55-1908.
The definition of a "land survey" in 55-1902 (5) is:
"(5) "Land survey" means measuring the field location of corners that:
(a) Determine the boundary or boundaries common to two (2) or more ownerships;
(b) Retrace or establish land boundaries;
(c) Retrace or establish boundary lines of public roads, streets, alleys or trails; or
(d) Plat lands and subdivisions thereof."

55-1904. RECORDS OF SURVEY − WHEN FILING REQUIRED applies to "land surveys".
"...A record of survey shall be filed within ninety (90) days after completing any survey which:
(1) Discloses a material discrepancy with previous surveys of record;
(2) Establishes boundary lines and/or corners not previously existing or of record;
(3) Results in the setting of monuments at corners of record which were not previously monumented;
(4) Produces evidence or information which varies from, or is not contained in, surveys of record relating to the public land survey, lost public land corners or obliterated land survey corners; or
(5) Results in the setting of monuments that conform to the requirements of section 54-1227, Idaho Code, at the corners of an easement or lease area."

55-1908 WHEN A RECORD OF SURVEY NOT REQUIRED contains the parameters when recording a Record of Survey is not required.
"...A record of survey is not required of any survey when:
(1) It is of a preliminary nature;
(2) A map is in preparation for recording or has been recorded under any other section of the Idaho Code, or pursuant to the laws of the United States;
(3) A survey is performed for a mineral claim location, amendment or relocation; or
(4) None of the conditions contained in section 55-1904, Idaho Code, exist and the principal purpose of the survey is to depict information other than the points of lines that define boundaries including, but not limited to, topographic surveys and construction surveys, staking and layout." Please refer to the Supplemental Information on Records of Surveys
(top)

John M. "Jack" Clark, P.L.S. #L-4732 asked "When the "preliminary work" is eventually used as the basis for the preparation of a legal description, is it necessary to file a record of survey?

This was addressed in the Boards June 2008 Bulletin, page 8.
The answer was modified by the 2011 changes to Idaho Code Title 55, Chapter 19 which defines a land survey as follows:
""Land survey" means measuring the field location of corners that:
(a) Determine the boundary or boundaries common to two (2) or more ownerships;
(b) Retrace or establish land boundaries;
(c) Retrace or establish boundary lines of public roads, streets, alleys or trails; or
(d) Plat lands and subdivisions thereof."

(T)he preparation of a legal description on the basis of preliminary work, but not monumentation in the field, would constitute a "report," and under Idaho Code Section 54-1215 would be required to be sealed, signed and dated, but a "report" and a "survey" are not the same thing.
Idaho Code Section 54-1227 was revised in 2011, which states, in pertinent part, "Every licensed professional land surveyor is hereby authorized to make land surveys and it shall be the duty of each licensed professional land surveyor, whenever making any such land survey that is not preliminary in nature, to set permanent and reliable magnetically detectable monuments at all unmonumented corners field located, the minimum size of which shall be one-half (1/2) inch in least dimension and two (2) feet long iron or steel rod unless special circumstances preclude use of such monument; and such monuments must be permanently marked with the license number of the professional land surveyor responsible for placing the monument. . . ."(top)

Do I need to record a Record of Survey when I stake a drain field easement?

The answer is yes. The requirements are in Idaho Code 55-1904. Sub-section (5) was added in the 2011 revision to the code and it says: "Results in the setting of monuments that conform to the requirements of 54-1227, Idaho Code, at the corners of an easement or lease area." (top)

Continuing Professional Development Questions (for Land Surveying)

I am taking the Certified Federal Surveyor program. Does it count for PDHs and, if so, how many?

The Board took this question up at their November 16-18, 2009, Meeting in Boise and determined that they would allow 10 PDHs each for completing each of the of the seven modules (70 PDHs) and another 50 PDHs for completing the program by passing the final cumulative examination (70 PDHs + 50 PDHs = 120 PDHs total).(top)

Qualifications for Licensure by Comity

I have regarding the qualifications for taking the 2 hour State Specific LS exam in Idaho. I am currently a Licensed Surveyor in the states of Washington and Montana. I have over 11 years experience in surveying. I do not have a college degree, or any college credits. Is a college education a required qualification to take the exam?

PLS licensing in Idaho. Idaho Code Section 54-1219 states "The board, upon application therefor and the payment of a fee of not to exceed a maximum of one hundred fifty dollars ($150), may issue a license as a professional engineer or professional land surveyor to any person who holds a license issued to the applicant by the proper authority of any state, territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or of a foreign country, provided that, in the opinion of the board, the applicant possesses the education, experience and examination credentials, or their equivalents, that were specified in the applicable licensing chapter in effect in this state at the time such license was issued, provided that a professional land surveyor applicant must successfully pass a land surveying examination as prepared and administered by the board, and provided such state, territory, possession or country will license, without examination and upon substantially the same condition, to applicants holding licenses issued by the board under this chapter. In the event the applicant has been licensed and has practiced as a professional engineer or professional land surveyor in another jurisdiction for a minimum of eight (8) years, has no outstanding disciplinary action, and is in good standing under a licensing system which, in the opinion of the board, maintains substantially equivalent professional standards as required under this chapter, the board may, in its discretion, waive the requirement for satisfaction of prescriptive credentials in education and examination."
You do not state when you were first licensed, but for the past 20 years or so there have been three routes to licensure. The first is if you have a four year degree in surveying. The second is if you have at least 60 college semester credits, at least 15 of which are in surveying. The third requires you to present evidence, satisfactory to the Board, that you possess knowledge and skill similar to that obtained upon completion of an approved college level academic curriculum. While not impossible, the third is very difficult to accomplish.
The last sentence of Idaho Code Section 54-1219 above provides an opportunity for the Board to waive the prescriptive requirements of education for an applicant who has been licensed for 8 years "under a licensing system which, in the opinion of the board, maintains substantially equivalent professional standards as required under this chapter." In the past the Board has not considered a system which does not require formal education to be one with substantially equivalent professional standards.

I'm required to take CFeds Continuing Education for maintenance of my CFeds status - does it count toward my Idaho requirement? How much?
The Board said during their February 2013 meeting, that they would allow the hours shown in the CFeds program for continuing education for credit as a workshop (activity area 04). So if you took a CFeds CE Course length that said it was eight (8) hours (in length) and passed the quizzes and final exam for it - you would log it as eight (8) hours of PDHs.
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Paving over Survey Monuments

Paving contractors are putting an overlay on the street and covering up survey monuments. Aren't they defacing or disturbing them and don't they have to replace them?

Paving over monuments with an overlay or chip seal does not disturb them as "disturb" is used in IC 55-1613, nor is it "defaced," "injured," or "removed" as used in IC 54-1234. Prior to a "rotomilling" operation or other construction, the monument should have been located by a PLS so it can be reestablished if it is "disturbed" as required under IC 55-1613.